Abvunzo dzezvinodhakainyanzvi yekuongorora yemhando yebhayoloji, semuenzaniso weti, bvudzi, ropa, mweya wekufema, dikita, kana mvura yemumuromo/mate - kuona kuvepo kana kusavapo kwemishonga yevabereki yakatsanangurwa kana metabolites yayo.Mashandisirwo makuru ekuongorora zvinodhaka anosanganisira kuona kuvepo kwemaitiro ekusimudzira masteroid mumutambo, vashandirwi uye parole/probation officer vachiongorora zvinodhaka zvinorambidzwa nemutemo (sengecocaine, methamphetamine, uye heroin) uye mapurisa achiongorora kuvapo uye kunyura kwedoro (ethanol) muropa rinowanzonzi BAC (ropa rinenge riri muropa).BAC bvunzo dzinowanzo kupihwa kuburikidza ne breathalyzer nepo urinalysis ichishandiswa kune yakawanda yekuongororwa zvinodhaka mumitambo uye kubasa.Dzakawanda dzimwe nzira dzine madhigirii akasiyana ehuchokwadi, kunzwa (detection threshold/cutoff), uye nguva dzekuona dziripo.
Kuongororwa kwezvinodhaka kunogona zvakare kureva bvunzo inopa kuongororwa kwemakemikari emushonga uri kunze kwemutemo, unowanzoitirwa kubatsira nekushandisa zvinodhaka zvine hungwaru.[1]
Kuongorora weti kunonyanya kushandiswa nekuda kwekudhura kwayo.Kuongororwa kwemishonga wetindiyo imwe yedzakajairika nzira dzekuyedza dzinoshandiswa.Iyo enzyme-yakawedzera immune immune test ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa urinalysis.Zvichemo zvakaitwa pamusoro pehuwandu hwakanyanya hwehuwandu hwekunyepa vachishandisa bvunzo iyi.[2]
Weti yekuongororwa kwezvinodhaka inoongorora weti yekuvapo kwemushonga wemubereki kana metabolites yayo.Chiyero chemushonga kana mametabolites awo haafanotaura kuti mushonga wacho wakatorwa riinhi kana kuti murwere akashandisa zvakadii.[citation inodiwa]
Kuongororwa kwemishonga wetiis an immunoassay yakavakirwa pamusimboti wemakwikwi ekusunga.Mishonga inogona kunge iripo mune weti specimen inokwikwidzana neyavo yemushonga conjugate yekubatanidza masosi emasoja ekudzivirira.Panguva yekuyedzwa, weti specimen inosimuka ichikwira kumusoro necapillary action.Mushonga, kana uripo mumuenzaniso weweti pazasi pekumisikidzwa kwayo, hauzadze nzvimbo dzinosungirirwa dzemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere.Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anozosangana nemishonga-protein conjugate uye mutsara unooneka uneruvara ucharatidza munharaunda yebvunzo yemutsetse chaiwo wemushonga.[kureva kunodiwa]
Imwe pfungwa isiriyo ndeyekuti kuongororwa kwezvinodhaka kuri kuedza kirasi yemishonga, semuenzaniso, opioid, ichaona mishonga yese yekirasi iyoyo.Nekudaro, bvunzo dzakawanda dzeopioid hadzizovimbike kuona oxycodone, oxymorphone, meperidine, kana fentanyl.Saizvozvo, vazhinji benzodiazepine zvinodhaka bvunzo hazvizovimbike kuona lorazepam.Zvisinei, makirini emishonga weti anoedza mumwe mushonga, panzvimbo pekirasi yose, anowanzo kuwanikwa.
Kana mushandirwi akakumbira kuongororwa mushonga kubva kumushandi, kana chiremba achikumbira kuongororwa mushonga kubva kumurwere, mushandi kana murwere anowanzo rairwa kuenda kunzvimbo yekuunganidzira kana kumba kwavo.Weti yesampuli inoenda neyakatsanangurwa 'chain of custody' kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti haina kukanganiswa kana kushaiswa simba kuburikidza nelab kana kukanganisa kwevashandi.Weti yemurwere kana yemushandi inounganidzwa kunzvimbo iri kure mukapu yakachengetedzwa yakanyatsogadzirwa, yakavharwa netepi isingapindiki, uye inotumirwa kurabhoritari yekuongorora kuti iongororwe zvinodhaka (kazhinji iyo Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 5 panel).Nhanho yekutanga panzvimbo yekuyedza ndeyekutsemura weti kuita maviri aliquots.Imwe aliquot inotanga kuongororwa zvinodhaka uchishandisa analyzer inoita immunoassay seyekutanga skrini.Kuti ive nechokwadi chekutendeseka kwemuenzaniso uye kuona zvinogona kuita hupombwe, mamwe ma paramita anoedzwa.Vamwe vanoedza zvimiro zveweti yakajairwa, senge, weti creatinine, pH, uye giravhiti chaiyo.Zvimwe zvinotarisirwa kubata zvinhu zvinowedzerwa muweti kushandura mhedzisiro yebvunzo, senge, oxidants (kusanganisira bleach), nitrites, uye gluteraldehyde.Kana iyo skrini yeweti iri positive saka imwe aliquot yemusampuli inoshandiswa kusimbisa zvakawanikwa negasi chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) kana liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry methodology.Kana akakumbirwa nachiremba kana mushandirwi, mamwe madhiragi anoongororwa ega;izvi zvinowanzova zvinodhaka chikamu chechikamu chemakemikari izvo, nekuda kwechimwe chezvikonzero zvakawanda, zvinotariswa zvakanyanya kuumba tsika kana kunetseka.Semuenzaniso, oxycodone uye diamorphine inogona kuedzwa, zvese sedative analgesics.Kana bvunzo yakadaro isina kukumbirwa zvakananga, iyo yakanyanya bvunzo (munyaya yapfuura, bvunzo yeopioid) ichaona yakawanda yemishonga yekirasi, asi mushandirwi kana chiremba haazove nemubairo wekuzivikanwa kwemushonga. .
Mhedzisiro ine chekuita nebasa inoendeswa kuhofisi yekuongorora kurapwa (MRO) uko chiremba anoongorora zvabuda.Kana mhedzisiro yechidzitiro isiriyo, MRO inozivisa mushandirwi kuti mushandi haana mushonga unooneka muweti, kazhinji mukati meawa makumi maviri nemana.Nekudaro, kana mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweiyo immunoassay uye GC-MS isiri-negative uye ichiratidza kuwanda kwemushonga wevabereki kana metabolite pamusoro peiyo yakatarwa, iyo MRO inobata mushandi kuti ione kana paine chikonzero chiri pamutemo-chakadai sekurapa. kurapwa kana kunyorerwa.
[1] "Ndakapedza kupera kwevhiki ndichiyedza zvinodhaka pamutambo".The Independent.July 25, 2016. Yakadzorerwa May 18, 2017.
[2] US Department of Transportation: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT HS 810 704).Pilot Test yeNew Roadside Survey Methodology yeKutyaira Kwakashata.Ndira, 2007.
Nguva yekutumira: May-30-2022