Kubva nyaya yekutanga yechirwere chekoronavirus, muna Zvita 2019, chirwere chedenda chapararira kumamiriyoni evanhu pasi rese.Iyi denda repasi rose renovelyakanyanya acute kupumha chirwere coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)ndeimwe yeanomanikidza uye ine chekuita nematambudziko ehutano pasi rose emazuva ano, achiunza kutyisidzira kukuru kune nyika uye anokanganisa zvese zvehupenyu hwevanhu.[1]
Coronaviruses akafukidzwa, pfungwa-yakanaka, hutachiona hweRNA husina tambo mumhuri yeCoronaviridae, iyo ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemauto akadai sevanhu, zviremwaremwa, ngamera, uye mhuka dzeshiri, kusanganisira zvipfuyo uye dzimwe mhuka, zvichiisa njodzi kuhutano hweveruzhinji. 1 Coronaviruses akaiswa mu subfamily yeOrthocoronavirinae, iyo yakakamurwazve kuita genera ina, zvichibva pamusiyano wekutevedzana kweprotein: a-coronavirus, b-coronavirus, g-coronavirus, uye d-coronavirus.Iwo ma-coronavirus uye b-coronaviruses anongobata mhuka dzinoyamwisa, nepo g-coronavirus uye d-coronaviruses achinyanya kutapurira shiri, kunyangwe dzimwe dzadzo dzichigona kutapurira mhuka dzinoyamwisa.HCoV-229E,
oV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, SARSCoV, MERS-CoV, uye SARS-CoV-2 ndiwo manomwe coronaviruses akaonekwa kuti atapurira vanhu.Pakati pavo, SARSCoV neMERS-CoV, izvo zvakabuda muhuwandu hwevanhu muna 2002 na2012, zvine pathogenic zvakanyanya.Nepo human coronavirus (HCoV) -229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, kana HCoV-HKU1 madhiri anotenderera muhuwandu hwevanhu anokonzeresa chete kutonhora, 7 yakanyanya acute yekufema syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), iyo causal agent ye COVID-19, inoveli b-coronavirus, iyo yakatanga kubuda mukupera kwa2019 uye yakakonzera kufa kunoparadza.Zviratidzo zvekutanga zveCOVID 19akafanana neaya eSARS-CoV neMERS-CoV: fivha, kuneta, chikosoro chakaoma, kurwadziwa kwechipfuva, dzimwe nguva manyoka, uye dyspnea.Kusiyana nekarehutachiona hwekoronavirus (CoV)., kukurumidza kupararira kwepasirese, kukwirira kwekutapurirana, nguva refu yekunyungudika, hutachiona hweasymptomatic, uye kuomarara kwechirwere cheSARS-CoV-2 zvinoda ruzivo rwakadzama maererano nematanho ekunzvenga hutachiona.
Kufanana nemamwe makoronavirus evanhu (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV), SARSCoV-2 zvakare ine imwe-yakasungwa, yakanaka-pfungwa RNA genome inosvika makumi matatu kb muhukuru.Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1, mapuroteni anonzi nucleocapsid (N) anounganidza genome muhombe yeribonucleoprotein (RNP) yakaoma, iyo inobva yaputirwa ne lipids uye mapuroteni emavhairasi S (spike), M (membrane), uye E (envelopu).Magumo makumi mashanu ejenome ane maviri mahombe akavhurika ekuverenga mafuremu (ORFs), ORF1a neORF1b, encoding polypeptides pp1a uye pp1b, ayo anogadzirwa kuita gumi nematanhatu mapuroteni (NSPs) anosanganisira ese ehuvhairasi kudzokororwa nehutachiona proteases NSP3 neNSP5 inotakura. a papain-like protease domain uye 3C-like protease domain, maererano.9 The 30 kupera kwejenome inoisa mapuroteni emuumbirwo uye mapuroteni ekuwedzera, ayo ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, uye ORF7b akave akaratidzwa kuva mapuroteni ehutano hwehutachiona. mukugadzirwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona uye ORF3b uye ORF6 basa sevanopikisa interferon.Zvinoenderana neazvino chirevo pahwaro hwekutevedzana kufanana kune mamwe ma-b-coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 inosanganisira fungidziro yematanhatu ekuwedzera mapuroteni (3a, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, uye 10).Nekudaro, haazi ese aya maORF akaedzwa kuyedza parizvino, uye iyo chaiyo nhamba yezvekuwedzera majini eSARS-CoV-2 ichiri nhanho yekupokana.Naizvozvo, hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kuti ndeapi anowanikwa majini anonyatso kuratidzwa neiyi compact genome .[2]
Yakanyanya kunzwa uye yakananga bvunzo yakakosha kuona uye kubata varwere veCCIDID-19 pamwe nekuita matanho ekudzora kudzikamisa kubuda.Point-of-care (POC) bvunzo dzemamorekuru dzine mukana wekubvumira kuonekwa kwekare uye kuparadzaniswa kwe2 nyaya dzakasimbiswa dzeSARS-CoV-2, zvichienzaniswa nerabhoritari-based diagnostic nzira, nekudaro kuderedza kutapurirana kwemhuri nenharaunda.
[1]Chirwere uye chekushanda mhedzisiro yekukurumidza-yekutarisira-SARS-CoV-2 yekuonekwa mudhipatimendi rekukurumidzira.
[2] Hondo pakati pekugamuchira uye SARS-CoV-2: Innate kusadzivirirwa uye nzira dzekunzvenga hutachiona
Nguva yekutumira: May-25-2022